DC指示灯
DC电源工作指示灯
CPU工作指示灯
单片机直接驱动,灌电流好一些
继电器指示灯
串联在线圈和三极管中间不好,影响正常驱动电路,可从电源另外引出一路,串联电阻,然后接到三极管开关
串联电阻参数确定
二极管按2V降压,电流按10mA算(5mA-10mA-) r=(12-VF)/I 一般I=10ma,V=3v 有的2V
交流指示灯
发光二极管是它本身也是二极管,具有单向导电性,因此可以整流,所以可以直接接入交流电,把交流电整流成直流电。 最简单的应用就是串联一个降压电阻后接入交流电路中做为电源指示灯。 不能直接串联在强电中,会导致反向击穿 //使用一个1N4007、一个1W以上的电阻和一个LED串连,很多电路是这样的. 注意LED电流不可太大 //或双向LED
英文资料AC powered led解析
The capacitor is used to drop the voltage and the resistor to limit the inrush current. Since the capacitor passes the current in both directions, a small diode is connected in parallel with the LED to provide a path for the negative half cycle and to limit the reverse voltage across the LED. The resistor value was chosen to limit the worst case inrush current to about 150mA which will drop to less than 30mA in a millisec as the capacitor charges. The 0.47uF capacitor has an impedance of 5600 Ohms at 60Hz so the LED current is about 20mA half wave, or 10mA average (for the 220V version the impedance of the 0.33uF capacitor is 9600 Ohms at 50Hz which gives you also a LED current of about 10mA average) Z = 1 / 2*Pi*f*C Z = Impedance in Ohms Pi = 3.14 f = frequency in Hertz C = capacity in Farads) A larger capacitor will increase the current and a smaller one will reduce it. The capacitor must be a non-polarized type with a voltage rating of 250VDC or more for 110V AC-lines, or 400VDC or more for 230V AC-lines. Resistor R1 discharges capacitor C1 in a few seconds after AC-line is disconnected. Remember that R1 must be able to withstand the full half wave peak AC-line voltage. ———- 二极管及其作用:1N4007,或者4148;提供一个反向回路,保护LED不被反向过压击穿,a small diode connected in parallel with the LED to provide a way for the negative half-cycle and to limit the reverse voltage across the LED。 串联电阻的作用:限流 and resistors to limit inrush current. 电容作用:Capacitors are used to drop voltage,起到降压作用,我仔细分析了一下,大概是正向时电容充电,电容两端电压从0一直上升,这样的话分到LED两端的电压就少了,起到了分压作用。负半周反向对电容充电,是放电曲线 电容相关电阻的作用:当外部停止供电时,电容中的电荷有地方释放 电阻R1是在插头拔出时为C1提供放电回路,不可省略,否则容易被电击。 参数选择:0.47uF capacitor has impedance of 5600 ohms at 60Hz so the LED current is about 20mA half-wave, or an average of 10mA (for the 220V version of the capacitor impedance is 9600 ohms at 50Hz 0.33uF which gives you also the LED current of about 10mA average)
另一个类似电路
这还不简单,市面上有220V的LED指示灯,用在一些控制柜、电柜上做指示的,江阴产的较多. 里面是用金属膜电容、电阻和双向LED构成的,寿命还比灯泡长多了. 自己去买个拆开看看参数和接法吧. 对于交流或直流电源,简单降压都可以采用电阻。若电源是交流220V,可以考虑采用电容降压,或者同时采用电容和电阻。电容降压的优点是省电。电容需要用耐压400V的无极性电容,一般用CBB类型的。 首先需要降压:220V-120V=100V,可以先假设只用电容降压,计算所需电容量的大小: 电容的容抗:Xc=1/(2*π*f*C)。电流I=100/Xc,10mA即0.01A: 0.01=100*(2*3.14*50*C) 所以:C=0.01/(100*314)=0.318(uF),取通用标称值0.33uF 一般再串接一个电阻,阻值取容抗的1/10,以减小电容的冲击电流。这里容抗为9650欧姆,电阻可选1K欧姆。 电阻上消耗的功率:P=I*I*R=0.01*0.01*1000=0.1(W),考虑到启动时的冲击,可选1/2W的电阻。 ================ 当灯珠是LED、采用整流和滤波电路供电时,直流电压将是220V*1.414=310V,应采用310V来计算降压幅度。LED的电流一般不超过20mA。
电容选择
曾经选择CBB 334 630V电容,个头好大,又思考,到底选择哪种电容,是否可用高压瓷片电容?好像高压瓷片电容耐压可以很高,比如几KV,但是相应容量也很小,达不到0.33u级别的,估计还是CBB电容,网上看到的图片上也是CBB电容;前面那个334 CBB电容改成400V的,尺寸可稍微减小一点 降低电压 400,可减小5mm 本产品为CBB21系列 激光喷印,粉末包封,进口材料, 334J 400V 脚距=15mm 质量稳定。 在线QQ:776552280 网站产品均为参考。 本产品为CBB21系列 ●激光喷印,粉末包封,进口材料, ● 334J 630V 脚距=20mm ●质量稳定。 104 400V的间距更小,10mm?